In 1983 Roland set out to fix a machine that was not broken so much as misunderstood. The TR-808 had been dismissed as a toy, its synthetic booms judged unconvincing next to the sampled snares of the LinnDrum. So the TR-909 chased credibility: a crisper snare, six-bit sampled hi-hats and cymbals, and MIDI to lock […]

A Solo That Wasn’t Supposed to Survive In 1960, inside the low-ceilinged Nashville room known as the Quonset Hut, engineer Glenn Snoddy was cutting a Marty Robbins country ballad called “Don’t Worry.” When the session reached its instrumental break, the part Grady Martin was playing came back through the console

Most instruments are designed, then learned. The Roland TB-303 was designed, abandoned, and only then learned, and the learning had almost nothing to do with what its engineers intended. That gap between purpose and use is the whole story, and it is a lesson every producer eventually absorbs. The technique can outlive the function it [&

Ask most people to explain the sound of My Bloody Valentine’s Loveless and they will point at a pedalboard. Fuzz, reverb, chorus, a delay or two, stacked until the guitars melt. It is a tidy story and it is mostly wrong. The thing that gives Loveless its seasick, underwater tuning is not a box on […]

There is a version of synthesizer history where the good stuff comes from sculpting: hands on filter cutoff, patch cables, a producer chasing a sound through a hundred small decisions until it belongs to them. Then there is the Korg M1, which sold roughly a quarter of a million units on the opposite proposition, and […]